Top 30 Full Stack Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Finding a good developer is a difficult process, and takes a lot of brainstorming because you must consider their skills and knowledge, expertise, culture fit, as well as other factors. Being a full-stack developer is essential for keeping up with the changes happening in the market on a daily basis. To get the job you want, you must first understand what interviewers are looking for, and what questions they might ask. You must ensure that your core competencies are current and that you comprehend the various structures and language groups.

When interviewing for any role, there are many factors to consider, but the most important is understanding and which skillset you want to invest in.

During the interview, questions are asked to help the interviewer determine the ability that the candidate possesses, and everything that he has learned during the full stack development training. This article will walk you through the typical questions that have been asked during a full-stack developer interview.

We will go over the top 30 full stack developer critical questions that are frequently asked in interviews. But, before we get into the interview questions, let's take a look at what a Full Stack Developer is. A strong developer is the foundation of any business.

Hence, if you have recently completed your full stack developer course, Make sure you're prepared for the next job interview by knowing the most frequently asked interview questions.

Who is a Full Stack Developer?

Whatever industry you work in, the hardware and software that we use on every day basis is becoming increasingly complex. We need to have more people to work on them in order to keep them operating smoothly. Companies are increasingly searching for individuals who can code on both the front-end (designing user interfaces) and the back-end development (running programs). These are known as full-stack developers. The full-stack engineer job description necessitates the use of various technologies and languages to develop applications (such as Java, JavaScript, HTML, PHP, and C#). A full-stack Web developer is a prime illustration of this prototype because the developer is familiar with a variety of technologies and the platform as a whole.

This type of developer typically comes from a start-up environment where a deep understanding of all aspects of website development is extremely crucial to the company's survival. Developers without an official name but with an impressive portfolio, reliable reference materials, and open source work may also be very competitive candidates.

A Full-Stack developer is someone who can create software for both users and service providers. In layman's terms, a Full-Stack developer understands the entire technology stack that comprises a website. They are fluent in both front-end and back-end languages. There are several online full stack development courses one can take, and be an efficient full stack developer.

What are the key responsibilities of a full stack developer?

A full stack developer is responsible for the entire development process of a website or application. This includes the back-end, front-end, and everything in between.

The back-end of a website or application is responsible for the functionality of the site or app. This includes the server, the database, and the code that makes everything work.

The front-end of a website or application is responsible for the design and layout of the site or app. This includes the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that makes everything look good and work smoothly.

Everything in between is what ties the back-end and front-end together. This includes things like APIs, routing, authentication, and more.

Full stack developers are responsible for all of these aspects of development. They must have a deep understanding of how each piece works in order to build a successful website or application.

A full stack developer is efficient in

A full stack developer is efficient in a wide range of areas. They are able to work on both the front-end and back-end of a website or application, as well as everything in between. Full stack developers have a deep understanding of how each piece works in order to build a successful website or application. In addition to their coding skills, full stack developers must also be able to effectively communicate with other members of the development team, as well as customers or clients. The demand and growth of full stack developers are high, and learning all these skills gets easy with an efficient full stack developer training.

Top 30 Full Stack Developer Questions and Answers

1. What is the meaning of full stack development?

Full Stack development entails simultaneously developing the front end and back end of a web application/website. This procedure is divided into three stages:

• The layer of presentation (the front end part which is responsible for the experience the user gets)
• A layer of business logic (the backend part is the server side of the application)
• The database layer

Full stack development is quite a popular career option these days; those who wish to explore more about it should try at least a full-stack development course.

2. What is the job role of a full stack developer?

One can define a Full Stack Web Developer as one who is familiar with both client and server software development. They understand how to software browsers, databases, and servers in addition to CSS and HTML.

To truly understand the position of Full Stack developer, you first must understand the components of web development - front end and back end.

The front end is the visible portion of the application with which the users engage, whereas the back end contains business logic.

3. What are some full stack developer tools?

Some of the most popular full stack developer tools are:

• Backbone
• Visual Studio Code
• WebStorm
• Slack
• Electron
• TypeScript
• CodePen
• GitHub

4. What are the skills a full stack developer must possess?

A Full Stack developer ought to be accustomed with the following:

• Basic languages - Proficiency in basic languages such as HTML, CSS, and SQL is required.
• BootStrap, AngularJS, VueJS, ReactJS, JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, Ruby, and PHP are examples of front-end frameworks.
• Express, Django, NodeJS, and Ruby on Rails are examples of back-end frameworks.
• MySQL, MongoDB, Sphinx Apache Storm, and Cassandra are examples of databases.
• Git, Machine Learning, SSH, Linux Commands, Data Structures, and Character Encoding are recommended as additional skills. One can learn all these skills through a certified full stack development training.

5. What is Pair Programming?

Pair Programming, as the name implies, is when computer programmers use the same workstation. Formally, the code is written by one software engineer at the keyboard known as the "driver." The other programmer is the "navigator," who looks over each line of code, spell checks it, and proofreads it. In addition, programmers will switch roles every several minutes and vice versa.

6. Explain CORS.

CORS is a process that uses additional HTTP headers to instruct browsers to serve a web application operating at a single origin. CORS allows access to various web resources across multiple domains. CORS can be used to integrate web scripts when they request a resource with an external origin (protocol, domain, or port) from their own.

7. What do you mean by Inversion of Control?

Inversion of Control (IoC) is a broad term used among software developers to define a pattern for decoupling system components and layers. It is most commonly used in object-oriented programming. Inversion of Control management and disposal of objects or portion sizes of a program to a framework or container. It can be accomplished through the use of various mechanisms such as the service locator pattern, the strategy design pattern, the factory structure, and web services.

8. What is Dependency Injection?

Dependency Injection can be defined as a design pattern used to execute IoC. Object injection and object connection are handled by the container rather than the object itself. There are three kinds of classes involved.

Client class: This is determined by the service class.

The client class is served by the service class.

Injector class: It introduces objects from the service class through into client class.

9. What is continuous integration?

Continuous Integration (CI) is a practice in which developers regularly integrate code into a shared repository in order to detect problems as early as possible. The CI process includes automated tools that validate new code before it is integrated. Every check-in is validated by automated builds and tests.

10. What is the meaning of multithreading and how is it used?

The primary goal of multithreading is to have numerous connections of execution concurrently to maximize CPU utilization. It enables two or more threads to occur inside this frame of reference of a process, allowing them to execute independently while sharing process resources.

11. What is the difference between GraphQL and REST?

This is a tricky issue, but a skilled developer will indeed be able to do so with ease. The main distinction is that GraphQL does not deal with dedicated hosting. The characterization of a resource is independent of how it is retrieved. Everything made reference to as a graph is linked and can be questioned according to application requirements.

12. What are some ways to improve website load time and performance?

There are countless ways to optimize ones website to ensure maximum performance:

• Reduce HTTP requests.
• Use CDNs and delete any unused files/scripts.
• Compress images and optimize files.
• Caching in the browser.
• Use CSS3 and HTML5.
• JavaScript and Style Sheets should be compressed.
• Cache optimization

13. What is the meaning of the observer pattern?

The Observer pattern is used to describe a one-to-many heavy reliance between objects so that when one object changes its state, all of its dependents are automatically notified and updated. The object that observes the condition of some other object is known as the spectator, and the object being observed is known as the subject.

14. How is a Full Stack Developer different from a Full Stack Engineer?

A Full-Stack engineer is a senior-level role with Full Stack developer experience but expertise in project management in network management, which involves the configuration and management of computer networks and systems.

15. What is the meaning of Polling?

Polling is a technique in which a client frequently requests new data from the server. There are two types of polling: long polling and short polling.

Long polling can be described as a development sequence that allows data to be passed from server to client without delay. AJAX-based short polling calls with fixed delays.

16. What is the difference between GET and POST?

The major differences between GET and POST can be understood through the given table:

GET	POST
It is used to request data from a specific resource.	It sends data to a server to either create or update a resource.
One can bookmark it.	It cannot be bookmarked.
One can cache it.	It cannot be cached.
The parameters get saved in the browser history.	Parameters do not get saved.
Data gets visible in the URL.	Data remains invisible.
ASCII data is allowed.	Binary data is also allowed.

17. How do abstract and interface differ?

An abstract class is a class that contains one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is declared but is not implemented in the code. An interface is a blueprint for a class. It contains only static constants and abstract methods. A class that implements an interface must implement all of the methods in the interface, or it will not compile.

18. How do you stop a bot from scraping a publicly available API?

If the data in the API is available publicly, it is impossible to completely prevent data scraping. However, there is a simple solution that will deter the majority of people/bots: rate-limiting (throttling). Throttling prevents a particular device from trying to make a set number of requests in a set amount of time. When the specified quantity of requests is exceeded, the 429 Too Many Attempts HTTP error should be lobbed.

Other options for preventing scraping by a bot include:

Requests are being blocked based on their user agent string.

Front-end generation of temporary "session" process by facilitating for visitors.

      19. What is a RESTful API?

 REST stands for representational state transfer. A RESTful API (which also goes by the name  REST API) is defined as an architectural style for an application programming interface (API or web API). It uses HTTP requests, which helps it obtain and manage information. That data can be used to POST, GET, DELETE, and OUT data types. It refers to reading, deleting, creating, and operations concerning services.

   20. What is a callback in JavaScript?

In JavaScript, a callback is a function that is passed as an argument into some other function and then requested to perform some kind of action or routine inside the outer function. Callback functions in JavaScript can be used in both ways, i.e. synchronously and asynchronously. The node APIs are all written in such a way to make them efficient for support callbacks.

21. What are Data Attributes?

Data Attributes are utilized to store application or page-specific data. They enable us to store additional data on standard, semantic HTML elements. The saved data can be utilized to enhance the user experience on the JavaScript page.

A data attribute is made up of two parts:

• There must be at least yet another character just after the prefix "data-" and no uppercase letters.
• A string value can be used as an attribute.

22. What is the difference between 'resetting' and 'normalizing' CSS?

When it comes to CSS, there are two main approaches for setting element styles: resetting and normalizing. Both of these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important to understand the difference between them before choosing which one to use in your project.

Resetting refers to setting all element styles back to their default values. This can be useful if you want to start with a clean slate and avoid any browser inconsistencies. The downside is that it can also remove any useful browser defaults that you might want to keep, such as form field styling or link underlines.

Normalizing, on the other hand, preserves useful browser defaults while still eliminating most of the inconsistencies between different browsers. This makes it a good choice if you want your project to be compatible with as many browsers as possible. However, normalizing can sometimes result in larger CSS files, as more styles need to be specified in order to achieve consistent results across browsers.

23. What does ACID mean in Database Systems?

ACID is an abbreviation for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. ACID is simply a standard structure that has a set of properties in database infrastructure to ensure database transactions are done reliably.

24. What is the difference between rolling deployment and blue-green deployment?

Rolling Deployment- The latest iteration of the application is replacing the previous one gradually in a rolling deployment. It takes time to upgrade the system, and during that time, both old and new versions will exist side by side without influencing user experience or functionality.

Blue-green deployment- Identical production environments operate in parallel in a blue-green deployment. One is a blue environment that handles all user traffic and serves as the production environment. You also want to improve the green environment. Both make use of the same database and app configuration. When the environment is changed from blue to green, traffic is funneled to the green environment.

25. What do you mean by an application server?

An application server is defined as a software framework that allows the development of web applications as well as server environments. It includes a detailed service layer model and supports a variety of policies and procedures and application programming interfaces (API).

26. What do you mean by referential transparency?

Referential transparency is a phrase used during functional programming to substitute an expression without changing the program's final result. This means that regardless of whether the input is a reference or the actual value to which the reference points, the program's behavior remains unchanged.

27. How does server-side scripting differ from Client-side scripting?

Server Side Scripting	Client-Side Scripting
It works in the back-end, and is not visible to the client side.	It works in the front-end and the scripts are visible among the users.
It requires server interaction.	It doesn’t require any sort of interaction with the server.
Common languages are Python, ColdFusion, etc.	Common languages are CSS, HTML, JavaScript, and more.
It is more secure.	It is considered as less secure.

 

28. What are the different types of design patterns?

A design pattern, in general, is an effective remedy to common problems in software design. These patterns demonstrate the relationships and interactions that exist among classes and objects.

Design patterns are classified into three types:

Creational - Those kinds of designs are about the creation of objects or the instantiation of classes. These patterns are further subdivided into object-creational trends and category patterns.

Structural - These are concerned with organizing various classes and objects in order to construct bigger features and functions as well as provide new functionality.

Behavioral - These are focused on determining common communication patterns among objects.

29. What is the difference between normalization and denormalization?

Normalization is the process of efficiently arranging data in a database. It entails creating tables and establishing relationships between them according to certain rules. These rules can be used to remove redundancy and inconsistent dependency, making it more flexible.

The opposite of normalization is denormalization, which converts the normalized schema into a schema with redundant information. Using redundancy and maintaining redundant data consistently improves performance. The overheads produced in the query processor due to an over-normalized structure are the reasons for performing denormalization.

30. What are some techniques for making a website as efficient and scalable as possible?

Website optimization is accomplished in the following ways:

• All assets should be optimized.
• Enable gzip compression.
• Defer JavaScript parsing to avoid inline JavaScript, CSS, and duplicate code.
• Scaled images should be served.
• Image dimensions must be specified.
• Reduce request size
• Make use of browser caching.

Final Words:

These are some of the frequently asked full stack developer interview questions that would help you ace your next interview. Prepare these questions thoroughly, and practice the coding portion several times to ensure you didn't leave anything out of your interview. Also, if you want to learn more about this field and have a bright career, you should enroll in a full stack developer course. There are several full stack development training courses available; you can view and purchase one of these courses.